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Organic farming
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Comparison farm structure - Dairy farming

Organic farms have a different farm structure, a higher milk price, and a higher average sustainability score
06/09/2023

Tabel 1. Overzicht weging thema's en onderliggende kengetallen
Themakengetalwegingsfactor
Diergezondheid en -welzijn 25% 
Celgetal 1/3 
Vervangingspercentage 1/3 
Antibioticagebruik 1/3 
Klimaat en energie 25% 
Energiegebruik 1/4 
Broeikasgasemissie (cradle-farm-gate) 3/4 
Milieu 25% 
Bedrijfsoverschot 1/4 
Milieubelasting gewasbeschermingsmiddelengebruik 1/12 
Milieubelasting gewasbeschermingsmiddelengebruik 1/12 
Milieubelasting gewasbeschermingsmiddelengebruik 1/12 
Fosfaatexcretie 1/4 
Ammoniakemissie stal + opslag 1/8 
Ammoniakemissie toediening + beweiding 1/8 
Biodiversiteit en weidegang 25% 
Aantal vormen van natuurbeheer 1/2 
Weidegang (uur per koe per jaar) 1/2 

Table 2. Comparison of economic performance and farm setup of the 25% most sustainable dairy farms with the other 75% of the dairy farms, 2019-2021
klein bioklein gangbaarklein signif.*groot biogroot gangbaargroot signif.*
Financial performance
Incomeeuro per unpaid AWU17,10116,97446,12639,745
Labour inputkg milk/hour111170**202279**
Cost priceeuro/100 kg63.0448.66**52.0440.32**
Critical milk priceeuro/100 kg42.2534.5**43.4433.02**
Milk priceeuro/100 kg48.8338.14**50.6537.64**
Costs purchased feedeuro per cow843958*1,0791,121
Veterinarian costseuro per cow66111**76113**
Solvency%83817070
Long term debtseuro/kg milk1.190.85*1.691.15**
Farm setup
Dairy cowsnumber5164**125147**
Livestock Unitsnumber7185**168193**
Utilised agricultural areaha5539**11777**
Share of grassland%9286**9582**
Milk production per farmkg337,342523,467**931,7561,370,484**
Milk production per cowkg/cow6,5768,206**7,4799,300**
Milk production per hakg/ha6,22813,547**8,07918,178**
Share of clay soil%4226**4536
a)  *= p<0.05, **= P<0.01


Table 3. Comparison of sustainability performance of organic and non organic dairy farms by size, 2019-2021
IndicatorEenheidklein bioklein gangbaarkleingroot biogroot gangbaargroot
Animal health and welfareScore (x 100)5561*5661**
Somatic cell count1,000 cells per millilitre231170**246173**
Replacement rate dairy cows%21.721.218.120.4*
Use of antibioticsAverage daily dose per animal year0.21.9**0.42.2**
Climate and energyScore (x 100)6052**5957
Energy useMJ per 100 kg milk65576455**
Greenhouse gas emissions (cradle-to-farm-gate)Kg CO2-eq per kg milk1.291.39**1.261.33*
EnvironmentScore (x 100)6961**7162**
Farm surpluskg N per ha26133**29135**
Environmental load use of pesticidesPoints soil059**056**
Environmental load use of pesticidesPoints groundwater058**068*
Environmental load use of pesticidesPoints surface water070092
Phosphate excretionkg P2O5 per 1,000 kg milk6.95.4**6.44.8**
Ammonia emission barn and storagekg NH3 per livestock unit8.811.9**1012.3**
Ammonia emission application and grazingkg NH3 per ha14.425.6**10.228.6**
Ammonia emission totalkg NH3 per ha25.751**23.959.3**
Biodiversity and grazingScore (x 100)6632**6625**
Number of forms of nature managementfrequency (1 till max. 4)2.31.2**3.11.2**
Grazing (hours per cow per year)hours3,4731,527**2,572911**
*= p<0.05, **= P<0.01
Source: Farm Accountancy Data Network.





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References
Van Wagenberg C.P.A., de Haas Y., Hogeveen H., van Krimpen M.M., Meuwissen M.P.M., van Middelaar C.E. en Rodenburg T.B., 2017. Animal Board Invited Review: Comparing conventional and organic livestock production systems on different aspects of sustainability. Animal 1-13. doi:10.1017/S175173111700115X.


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